Today, it remains virtually unknown, even as reparations for slavery are once again in the headlines. In the same tax rolls is a J. On July 1, 1863, just days before the U.S. Army arrived to free thousands of people around Natchez, Brandon, determined to defy emancipation, forced some 300 slaves to march 400 miles to Texas, far beyond the reach of federal soldiers. The house was built c. 1765 by . In 1969, civil rights leader James Forman issued a manifesto calling on churches and synagogues to pay half a billion dollars in reparations to black Americans. (That route is supported by a notation on page 5 of his journal showing that he paid a toll at Neches on July 21.). In the 1870 census, a 52-year-old Gerard Brandon is listed as a planter in Adams County, Mississippi. Slaves from West Africa were first brought over to grow rice. In 1969, civil rights leader James Forman issued a manifesto calling on churches and synagogues to pay half a billion dollars in reparations to black Americans. That means many American families with slave ancestors could have roots in Virginia, Levengood said. Goes Friday to see after some negroes I had hired in Falls Co. Stays with H. L. Bennett. However, at the height of the slave era (1830-1860), only a few thousand masters owned as many as 300 people. Gangs worked throughout the antebellum period to capture free black men, women and children and smuggle them into the South, under the cover of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, which required the return of runaway slaves. All rights reserved. Descendants identify the man in this photograph, found on Ancestry.com, as Brandon. I worked under the meanest overseers, and got flogged and flogged, until I thought I should die.. This article is a selection from the September 2019 issue of Smithsonian magazine. erath county rant and rave; springfield, mo jail inmates; essex county hospital center jobs; blanching vs non blanching erythema; star trek next generation cast salaries But Gerard Rickey notes in an email from November 23, 2016, that there is also a Henrietta mentioned in the memoir of James Brandons son Gerard Brandon (the nephew of the GB who owned Henrietta Wood). Arranges situation for Phoebe.11 Feels gloomy, homesick. This was good for me, however. Thats when you have to be creative.. The freedom suit had prevented Ward from selling Wood for nearly two years, but in 1855, he took her to a Kentucky slave-trading firm that did business in Natchez, Mississippi. 1850 - According to the District Census, Boone Hall was producing 4,000,000 bricks per year using 85 slaves . Advertising Notice and Mimy and three children $2505. We may receive a commission for purchases made through these links. She had not forgotten Ward and sued him the following year. With help from his mothers court-ordered compensation, Arthur bought a house, started a family and paid for his own schooling. The first plantations in the Americas of sugar cane, cocoa, tobacco, and cotton were maintained and harvested by African slaves controlled by European masters. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. After 1815, as white settlers rushed into the lower Mississippi River Valley, many looked to purchase slaves to cultivate the region's most profitable crop. But Woods award, however insufficient, was not ineffectual. Improve this listing Property amenities The great hall of Riverrun was, perforce, the largest single room in the castle. The value of his real estate was $170,000 and his personal estate was $400,000. A NCGenWeb Special Project Documented Slave Plantations of North Carolina is a comprehensive database of various plantations derived from a variety of information mediums. Brandon Hall Plantation. Harriss said many architectural features were kept true to the original design when the house was renovated in the mid-1980s, apart from closets, bathrooms, and the closed in porch. Expressions of homesickness. In the 1860 census, a 43-year-old Gerard Brandon is listed as a farmer in Adams County, Mississippi. More critical talk from his dinner partners about rich planters, whose negroes are dressed better than Texas soldiers. Brandon feels it unfair but holds his peace. Hover over the town names to trace her tortuous path from slavery to freedomand back. Eats water melons at Joness, drinks a mint julep, has dinner with good soup & a peach cobbler. On Monday (August 17?) (pg 44a-44b), Adams County, Mississippi: 217 enslaved people were listed under Gerard Brandon, trustee for children. 70 slave dwellings were also noted. Reynolds and Lively got married at Boone Hall Plantation in Mount Pleasant, which features nine slave cabins, referred to as "Slave Street." The move was criticized at the time, but came under . Begins September 29 entry. "Brandon was a very rich man," Wood later said. The Whites lived in Covington, too, and in the spring of 1853 they persuaded Ward to pay them $300 for the right to sell Wood and pocket the proceeds himself provided he could get her. After Brandon pursued several possible places to rent in Texas, Joseph S. Able, a resident of Robertson County, offered Brandon a place on his land with 300 acres in cultivation 2 cabins & corn on the ground as well as use of a mill. They note that disfranchisement and segregation only worsened the racial wealth gap, which was established under slavery and remains today. All they needed was someone to do the dirty work of enslaving her again. Even the judge who presided over Wood's case, Phillip Swing, viewed it narrowly. Ella Brandon Stantons daughter, Charlotte Brandon (1866-1936), married Dunbar Surget Merrill. If he followed the road from San Augustine to Crockett pictured on Texas Map (1865), then he likely passed through Nacogdoches as well. Inside, behind the handsomely recessed main entrance, were parlor rugs from the Orient, services of English silver, mantels of the finest Italian marble and great pier mirrors from France., Since the 1860 slave schedule was not searchable at the time, the page numbers are provided for the Mississippi and Louisiana slave schedules., The affidavit says that on the 1st of July, 1863, the pending war, and the exigencies of the times compelled his hasty departure from this state for the state of Texas, where he was detained until February 1864. Most furnishings along with the commercial equipment & supplies will stay. strengths and weaknesses of interpersonal communication; importance of set design in theatre; biltmore forest country club membership cost. Mailing Address: Brandon Hall Plantation 1213 Hwy 61 North Natchez, MS 39120 She was later removed from the cotton fields and put to work in Brandons house. It is believed that the name Brandon came from the family name of Martin's wife . Goes hunting for deer. Not everyone agreed with the verdict, but the facts of her horrific story were widely accepted as credible. A crowd of locals very much excited about the news and declared that the negroes . One of N.J.'s first instances of slavery is marked at this burial ground 27/02/2023 Kathy DeAngelo, a member of the historian commission from the Tinton Falls historical society shows the Crawford House and burial ground that was an iron mine where enslaved African Americans worked in Tinton Falls, NJ on Tuesday Feb. 14, 2023. Yet Wood v. Ward did not set a sweeping legal precedent. In the first half of the 19th century, there were as many as 85 slaves working at the plantation. The Boone Hall Plantation, located in Mt. The advanced search fields include the slaves first name or last name; gender; occupation; owners last name; date range; and record type. Returns from Salado to reports of death, including Henrietta has just come to say Diceys little boy is dead. After moving to Ables, All at Home for the war. Description of the Able Family , and another Mississippi refugee named Williams.10 Difficulty getting a beef he had paid for. Swing also told the jurors to focus on Wood's kidnapping in assessing the case, and the vast majority of freed people could not show, as Wood did, that they had been re-enslaved. I worked under the meanest overseers, and got flogged and flogged, until I thought I should die.". 1872 - The plantation was sold to Henry Horlbeck's two sons, Frederick Henry Horlbeck and John S. Horlbeck ( 7 ). They also operate tours during the fall and spring pilgrimages. Old Mr. S. Turner bought Jane and children. 2023 Smithsonian Magazine See, Trinity River (specific place illegible, but may be Madisonville) (possibly by July 22, when he paid $28 for a ferry, according to page 5 of the journal), qq Transcribe relevant portions of Texas diary, qq Go through probate records on Ancestry. Lee Hall Plantation: Richard Decatur Lee : 371159N 763432W : 72001510 : Lexington Plantation: George Mason V : 383838N 771156W . Her official freedom papers, at a courthouse in Cincinnati, had been destroyed in an 1849 fire, and her kidnappers had confiscated her personal copy. Destructive 'Super Pigs' From Canada Threaten the Northern U.S. Did an Ancient Magnetic Field Reversal Cause Chaos for Life on Earth 42,000 Years Ago? Brandons family was one of the staunchest supporters of the Confederacy in the area. For them, the money Henrietta Wood demanded for her enslavement made a long-lasting difference. 163, Probate Court, Adams County, Miss.) A record now at the National Archives in Chicago confirms that he did, in 1879. The land on which Brandon Hall now stands first passed into private ownership as a royal grant from the Spanish King Carlos III in 1788. Vital statistics in the below list draw on the Brandon Children website and a public family tree on Ancestry. Went to pay for some corn. Discusses leaving Poole with a power of attorney, and one with Bennett if Poole becomes indisposed. Wood was never allowed to testify, however, and Ward denied her claims. not the care, pains & comfort in fixing up places. He couldnt find corn. Headed back to TX today using same route Brandon took with slaves, including Wood, in 1863. Researching a slaveholder's genealogy can be a time-consuming task, but fortunately, there are many genealogies for South Carolina slaveholders . According to scarborough2003, p.432, Brandon owned 706 enslaved people on plantations in Adams County (512), Concordia Parish (113) and Tensas Parish (81) in the 1860 Census, making him the tenth largest slaveholder in Scarboroughs sample for 1860, even though he does not appear on Scarboroughs sample of planters with over 500 slaves in 1850. But Wood's award, however insufficient, was not ineffectual. "I can't quite tell my age," Wood recalled in a newspaper interview in 1876, but she knew she was born enslaved to the Tousey family between 1818 and 1820. This structure still exists as the "basement" of the present house known as Brandon Hall. Now, she watched nervously as the 12 jurors returned to their seats. Few white Americans wished to dwell on those evils. She spent the first nights of her captivity locked inside two roadside inns. Sends Sandy to post office hoping to hear from home. W. Caleb McDaniel Louisiana, U.S., Slave Manumission Records, 1719-1820. Snowfall, the deepest I ever saw in the South. Begins December 31 entry, bitter cold, water freezes on the shelf inside his cabin. The plantation is located on 4,500 of the original 7,000 acres patented to Captain John Martin (1562-1632) in 1616. Contact the agent for information. In 1809 the property was sold at public auction to William Lock Chew for the sum of $7,000. See menn1964 for more information about this holding., J. H. Coltons map of the state of Louisiana and eastern part of Texas, commented on the unequal application of criminal justice, Walter Williams who died in 1959 at age 117, Philip A. Brandon (b. Got me excited. PIN IT Sharing is caring! The whole country bleeds and is in mourning. He says he has made some rough notes of incidents to share with her and intended to send them with Jim (his son) but cannot well do without the book., Based on his diary of the trip, Brandon left in early summer 1863. Not so many complications of a legal nature arise out of the old relations of master and slave as might have been expected, the New York Tribune argued with barely concealed relief. On April 17, 1878, twelve white jurors entered a federal courtroom in Cincinnati, Ohio, to deliver the verdict in a now-forgotten lawsuit about American slavery. Elsewhere in the database is a stark description of the sale of slaves and goods in a February 11, 1858, typed letter from slaveholder William Daniel Cabell of Benvenue in Nelson County, Virginia, to his wife, Elizabeth Nicholas Cabell. Gerard Brandon, one of the largest slaveholders in the South, bought Wood and took her to his house, Brandon Hall, on the Natchez Trace. The gang located Wood's employer in Cincinnati, a boardinghouse keeper named Rebecca Boyd, and paid her to join their scheme. The corn we sold yesterday brought 3.15$ per barrel. "And I know some people might think that's strange," says Belton, 76.. Some pictures of the Brandon cemetery are on Flickr. The traders put Wood up for sale at Natchez's infamous Forks of the Road slave market. 1847, d. 1885; married Joseph C. Pierce, Agnes Brandon (b. June 29, 1851, d. January 19, 1862; see, Sarah Brandon (b. June 29, 1851, d. December 13, 1862; see, Charles Gerard Brandon (b. Betsy brought $1400. Thinks about people at home. All accommodations at this luxury home have private in-room (not shared) bathrooms. By suing Ward for the wages she had lost while owned by Brandon, her lawyers made clear that a verdict for Wood was an acknowledgment of the evils of slavery itself. Gangs worked throughout the antebellum period to capture free black men, women, and children and smuggle them into the South, under the cover of the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850, which required the return of runaway slaves. Brandon owning 287 horses, cattle, sheep & miscellaneous property, valued at $2120, and no real estate. Upper Brandon Plantation: William Byrd Harrison, George Harrison Byrd, Francis Otway Byrd, Harry C. Thompson, Fred E. Watkins, Jim Justice They led me to archives in nine states in search of her story, which I tell in full for the first time in my new book, Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America. The other refers to Sandys desire, like his, to hear from home. When the United States banned the importation of slaves after 1807, Virginia became the largest provider in the nations internal slave trade, Levengood said. Lists his route, expenses, and ferriage for the trip back home. In 1809 the property was sold at public auction to William Lock Chew for the sum of $7,000. By 1878, white Northerners were retreating from Reconstruction. , had a good dinner & supper, spent a pleasant evening. Asthma & cramp colic. Begins November 13th & 14th" entry, discusses hunting for deer. If you are interested in a house, all information, including: price, status, neighborhood, condition, etc., must be independently verified. Sanderson hung back in Natchez. Hes hoping his 12 grandchildren can benefit from his work. Ward planned to make Wood the latest victim of this trade, but she resolved to fight. All accommodations at this luxury home have private in-room (not shared) bathrooms. They note that disenfranchisement and segregation only worsened the racial wealth gap, which was established under slavery and remains today. In 1833 Chew sold the property to Nathaniel Hoggatt, a successful planter whose daughter Charlotte inherited the land after his death. So using a $100,000 corporate grant from Dominion, one of the nations largest producers and transporters of energy, society researchers began examining some of its 8 million manuscripts that Virginia residents have been giving to the historical society since its founding in 1831. Celebrates Christmas with Graves and Dr. 3:10 PM EST, Mon February 6, 2012. After Brandon and his wife died, the property changed hand numerous times, and with each sale, the vast acreage diminished. The Liberator: A Weekly Newspaper Devoted to the Cause of Good Government and the Advancement of the American Negro, Los Angeles, California, 29 November 1912, page 5. After her suit, she moved with her son to Chicago. W. Caleb McDaniel is a professor of history at Rice University. Known as the Robintation Tree, it is said to have been quite feared by the slaves of the plantation. Brandon was the eldest son of the Mississippi Governor Gerard Chittocque Brandon (1788-1850) and Margaret Chambers. In June 1866, The New Orleans Daily Crescent published an announcement that Gerard Brandons wife Charlotte was awarded a separation of property between her and her husband by the Court of New Orleans. This was the most valuable property they owned, and they wanted to make sure it was recorded. The case was eventually dismissed. Warsaw Indiana Website Design by 1Eighty Digital, 1744 Colonial For Sale In Norwich Connecticut. After years of trials and tribulations, a group of 300 of Ross' slaves were transported to Africa, where they founded Liberia. Wood spent the next several years performing domestic work around Cincinnati. They also said that Ward's alleged crimes had occurred too far in the past a recurring argument against reparations. His ancestors were slaves here, but the longtime math and science teacher at McComb High School felt no anger or bitterness. The Brandons had numerous slaves and most likely used them for tobacco growing, resulting the in the prosperity that enabled the construction of the ca. (The plantations were part of his wife's dowry.) Ownership was also an investment: purchased children and adults may or may not have been . All Rights Reserved. Your Privacy Rights This heritage is currently documented on the plantation's grounds, in exhibits at nine of the original property's slave cabins. This article originally appeared in Smithsonian Magazine. The Robertson County Tax Rolls for 1866 show him with 25 horses and no real estate. On July 1, 1863, just days before the U.S. Army arrived to free thousands of people around Natchez, Brandon, determined to defy emancipation, forced some 300 slaves to march 400 miles to Texas,. The sale included 1,514 7 /10 acres and a town lot and buildings in Mt Pleasant. The Whites lived in Covington, too, and in the spring of 1853 they convinced Ward to pay them $300 for the right to sell Wood and pocket the proceeds himselfprovided he could get her. Absence of farm animals on the list indicates strongly oriented cotton plantation. I really sometimes wish the war was ended, & would rejoice to hear the glad tidings of peace. Begins August 30 entry awakened by a fuss about eggs & a chicken and a slave who has robbed a hen house of a neighbor last night. Learned of others who had been to a poor mans house to beg bread & meat, another robbery of rye to make coffee. Brandon vexed, curses. The ghost of a woman whose fiance died before they could be . Wards lawyers stalled, claiming that her failed antebellum suit for freedom proved his innocence. The trial began only after eight years of litigation, leaving Wood to wonder if she would ever get justice. Some newspapers even predicted that lawsuits like hers would proliferate. Over 700 Black men and women were enslaved on this plantation. The postwar constitutional amendments that abolished slavery and extended national citizenship to ex-slaves enabled Wood to pursue Ward in federal court. Drayton Hall's African American history interpretation began with Richmond Bowens, who was descended from enslaved African Americans at Drayton Hall. Wipple preach. He was sent a bottle of wine, jelly cake, & pies. By 1983, only 40 acres remained and the house had fallen into disrepair. Historic house in Mississippi, United States, U.S. National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places listings in Adams County, Mississippi, The Clarion-Ledger: Historic house donated to Natchez foundation, Official website for Brandon Hall Plantation, History of the National Register of Historic Places, List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state, List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places, University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Historic Places portal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brandon_Hall_(Washington,_Mississippi)&oldid=1090743436, Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi, National Register of Historic Places in Adams County, Mississippi, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 31 May 2022, at 03:54. Carter said the original documents digitized on the site will help her uncover more of her own familys history in Virginia, as well as help her students learn about the era. Ward's lawyers stalled, claiming that Wood's failed antebellum suit for freedom proved his innocence. I cant quite tell my age, Wood recalled in a newspaper interview in 1876, but she knew she was born enslaved to the Tousey family between 1818 and 1820. Brandon Hall was formally a large working cotton plantation located on the scenic Natchez Trace. The Virginia Historical Society finds 3,200 slaves named in private documents, The unpublished documents are from Virginians' attics, basements and desk drawers, "We sold all the negros 43 in number at astonishingly large prices," an 1858 letter says, One user of the society's free database of slaves finds the owner of his great-great-great-grandfather. Documents citing slaves go back to the 1690s: Thats when slavery starts to grow fast in Virginia and other English colonies, Levengood said. Tour Rosedown Plantation State Historic Site in St. Francisville during one of its daily, hourly tours. Begins August 3 entry at came near Dr.Milners Spring. Whether she succeeded in that quest is unknownbut she did find a lawyer, Harvey Myers. The trial began only after eight years of litigation, leaving Wood to wonder if she would ever get justice. Gerard Brandon, Wood's last owner, was one of the largest plantations in all of the American South. Today, many reparations advocates look to legislation, targeting governments for their complicity in slavery and white supremacy. An 1858 runaway slave ad for Elijah, who said Gerard Brandon was his owner, is in the Runaway Slaves in Mississippi project, edited by Douglas Chambers and Max Grivno, on p.536. The first part is an inventory of stores taken on the first day on which Forster Clarke entered on the management of the Estate (11 July 1803). She had not forgotten Ward and sued him the following year. In 1889, he was one of the first African-American graduates of what became Northwestern Universitys School of Law. She was suing him for $20,000 in reparations. The Civil War began, followed in 1863 by the Emancipation Proclamation, but Wood's ordeal continued. The unfolding of our country's history with slavery, at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue and its surrounding streets, is critical for all Americans to understand. In 1637, merchants John Sadler and Richard Quiney and mariner William Barber, bought Martin's Brandon. 1845, d. 1909), Charlotte Lottie Brandon (b. The building is an example of the fast-disappearing service structures that once were a ubiquitous feature of the Southern agrarian landscape. Left for home 4th Feby 1864. On Sunday attended church in forenoon, saw a fistfight in eve, & a company pass having in charge nine deserters. These searches were performed by Christina via HeritageQuest as part of her RA Assignments.4. An equally important feature at Brandon Plantation is the rare, carefully restored ca. The defendant was Zebulon Ward, a white man who had enslaved Wood 25 years before. CROSS THAT RIVER continues in New York for a limited engagement through Sunday, Dec. 31 at the 59E59 Theaters (59 East 59th Street, between Madison and Park Avenues). It is, rather, a living reminder of the truth of the Black experience during the time of slavery. This page also contains the line: Henrietta conducts herself well, as did some other enslaved people mentioned by name.9 But Brandon says I am really tired, sick of them and being with them, a perfect dogs life, & will disgust anyone with the . ) If some of the enslaved people owned by James Brandon were also taken to Texas by Gerard, it is possible that this is the woman referred to in the journal, who would have been a teenager at the time. They and their heirs farmed it successfully until 1720 when it was sold to Nathaniel Harrison. And when the carriage finally rolled to a stop outside of Covington, Wards men were waiting. If you know of any others send the information to me. : Estate of Sara Brandon Rickey, 2000), 63n6., Thanks to Will Jones for locating Brandons name in the county tax rolls as part of his RA Assignments for Fall 2015., See Map of Robertson County, Portal to Texas History., Sandersons 72 slaves, valued at $64,800 appear in the Freestone County Tax Roles for 1864. 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